Aim and Scope

Microfinance institutions are apparently inclined towards the welfare of the general populace. In this mission, perhaps one of the major key roles in effective dissemination of pertinent services is played by the field workers of these organizations. The latter plays an integral part in the liaison between the microfinance institute and their client. It is a role laden with obstructions and demands rigorous commitment. However, in their diligent and perpetual zeal to disseminate funds amongst the destitute and less privileged portions of society, it seems that these Microfinance channels probably end up skimming on and sometimes explicitly disregarding the welfare of their own human resource. For institutions that analogize human welfare with all of their respective undertakings, this prospective violation of the basic concept pertaining to work ethics is almost contradictory to their touted mission parameters. Towards that end, efforts need to be initiated in order to gauge the role played by the human resource of these organizations and the hindrances that the employees of these organizations face in the delivery of their services.

The present study investigated the need for intervention and application of the case management process in medical social services projects of the Punjab province, Pakistan. The study attained information from Medical Social Officers (MSOs) about the effectiveness of the case management process at Medical Social Services Projects (MSSPs) of Punjab. Medical Social Officers are not to distribute Zakat and Bait-Ul-Maal funds only; but to deal with the case of the individual client in a medical setting to achieve early recovery along with psycho-social rehabilitation and readjustment of the patient, in the family and society which can best be dealt by the application of case management process, a specialized approach of Social Work profession that involves coordinated efforts of multi-disciplinary team members in a medical setting.

Gram (Chickpea) is a major pulse crop of Pakistan mostly grown in the Thall desert Districts of the Punjab Province. All social, cultural, and economic activities of the farming population are mostly dependent on the income from this crop. The present descriptive study deals with the socio-economic condition of Gram’s Farmers and reveals the major reasons behind the low yield of crops. The data was collected from a sample of 100 Gram cultivating farmers taken from 4 Tehsils of District Bhakkar using a convenient sampling technique. The researcher used an Interview schedule for data collection. Findings showed that 83 percent of the total sampled population use 100 % proportion of their land only for gram cultivation and 91 % of farmers were cultivating the gram crop under the Rain-fed irrigation method. The 56 % of respondents were suffering from the low yield of crops for about last 6-7 years and the majority 88 % said that the major reason behind low yield is less and uncertain rains in the area due to climate change. The net income from 2020-21 crops was less than the farmer’s expenses. The present study confirmed the relationship between climate uncertainty & poor socio-economic condition with a low yield of crops resulting in poor rural development.

This research examines the implementation of technology-based learning, such as the use of android, personal computers, and IPads. The action of this research is the use of digital technology for early childhood on the role of parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. This method was chosen because the researcher wanted to identify the parents' responses through a questionnaire on the use of technology as well as some of the roles of parents towards their children during taking advantage of this technology. That way, the survey method is considered very suitable to be used and in line with the function of survey research, namely to collect and explain opinions or opinions from a group of people (samples) on a particular topic. The number of samples in this study was 385 respondents (parents). The simple random technique is the sampling technique of choice used by researchers in sampling. Location research is Bahawalpur City. This research data was obtained online through the google forms platform. The instrument used is a questionnaire regarding the use of technology through the role of parents. The statements in this research questionnaire are 10 statements. There are five Likert scales used, namely very often (5), often (4), sometimes (3), never (2), and never (1).

This qualitative ethnographic study attempts to understand the biological and cultural causes of early aging, the problems generated due to nutrition, traditional and cultural values. This study involves 24 early aging respondents from three Union Councils of Multan city of south Punjab. The data were generated by conducting detailed face-to-face interviews with the participants. The study highlights the bio-cultural causes of early aging through thematic analysis. This study recommends that related institutions could play a significant role in educating the families to help reduce the issues of early aging people and care for them.

This is a quantitative study that explores the relationship between aggression, tolerance, and ethnicity. The participating ethnic groups were university students from Chitral and Dir. The data was collected using Buss Parry Aggression Scale and Interpersonal Tolerance Scale. The data shows that there is no significant difference between Chitrali and Pakhtun students on the aggression scale. Further, there is a non-significant difference between Pakhtun and Chitrali students on tolerance scales. The study suggests more education and cross-cultural interaction that might reduce violent behaviors and promote tolerance and peace.

This study is about the issues and challenges faced by the parents of special children in their educational and social life. The goal of this study was to explore and describe the issues and challenges faced by parents of special children in learning and social life in Pakistan. The study has followed the quantitative research method. The researcher has conducted a research survey through a research tool. The research tool was a questionnaire. The data was collected from the sample of the population. The sample consisted of the parents of the special children. The study has found that parents of special children have to face a lot of problems and challenges and there is a need for some governmental steps to help them.

The current subjective work concerning job satisfaction and teacher’s satisfaction in the public sector universities was conducted in the district of Multan, Pakistan. The subjective work is an exploratory study to know the association among the approaches of job-crafting, relational crafting, and cognitive crafting likewise psychological empowerment of teacher’s satisfaction concerning to their work who are specifically engaged to the public sector universities. The subjective work reveals the utmost positive association between the job crafting and satisfaction of teachers' work. For this purpose, sampling comprised of 300 on-duty teachers from three public sector universities (NUML, BZU, and NFC) to explore the cognitive and psychological impact on job crafting and teachers’ satisfaction in the public universities. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the impact. Furthermore, subjective research work indicates the significant importance of job-crafting towards a higher level of satisfaction for teachers who are engaged in universities. Job happiness is directly linked to issues such as job creation, workplace conflict, and psychological empowerment.

Tourism is one of the emerging and important industries of the world. Pakistan has got a wide potential for the development of tourism, especially in its northern areas. Kalash valley in district Chitral is one of the favorite tourist resorts, located in the extreme north of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Tourism in any area brings with it numerous changes including geographical, cultural, economic, and social changes. Such changes have both positive and negative impacts on the local community. This research aims at finding out the positive impacts of tourism on residents of Kalash valley. A survey was carried out with the locals. A structured questionnaire was designed and data was collected in the local language. The findings reveal that tourism brings with it interesting things in life. It has improved personal and community quality of life.

Domestic violence is one of the serious crimes against women which are associated with their disadvantageous position in society. Women are prone to suffer multiple forms of this maltreatment such as social, verbal, emotional, economic, or physical violence due to different factors. The present study, based on primary data which was collected from District Bhakakr of Pakistan, deals with the relationship between domestic violence and inheritance rights of women. Data were collected from 150 respondents using a convenient sampling technique with the help of an interview schedule and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software. The data indicated that females are suffering domestic violence due to rights of inheritance in a sense that only 20.7 percent of respondents’ families are willing to give the inheritance share to their daughters and 56.7 percent of respondents are forced by their in-laws to get their part of the inheritance from their family. It has been found that 45.3 percent of females suffer domestic violence due to inheritance rights and 63.3 percent of respondents are suffering economic violence in addition to facing unfair and cruel comments by their in-laws. The present study confirms a strong relationship between female rights of inheritance and domestic violence.

Saudi Arabia and Iran are two major powers in the Muslim World and hold considerable sway over all matters pertaining to their respective regions. They both have significant stakes in matters of political and strategic nature but evince a level of animosity and enmity amongst them. Pakistan holds tenuous relations with Iran but enjoys salubrious and favorable ones with Saudi Arabia. Either way, the enmity between the two nations is sure to impart inexorable ramifications upon Pakistan as well. This study is mainly an endeavor directed towards assessing the effects that such a rivalry might entail for Pakistan. This study also provides information on the key strata and aspects in which Pakistan will be affected by this rivalry.

Religious terrorism is simply categorized as a type of violence in which religion is used as a basic tool or justification by individuals or groups for achieving their illegal, immoral and unlawful goals through the means of terrorist activities. Carrying out terrorism in the name of faith has long been a prominent aspect of human affairs. Religious terrorism can be explained as well as one’s understanding of the term terrorism. It is commonly said that no religion in the world incites its believers to carry out terrorist attacks but it is also an undeniable fact that religion is still being misused by clerics and other religious identities as a tactic for the sake of their agendas. The perspective of western media and the public is also confusing the things as sometimes it seems that every religious person is a suspect of terrorism which is continuously causing unrest amongst peaceful peoples. A clear understanding must be there in minds of people regarding the difference between Jihad and Terrorism. This paper explains some important aspects related to religious terrorism.

In the era of the present, Universities have acquired importance and magnitude that is unprecedented. They are said to be the agents of change which emphasize augmentation and modification of those facets of society pertinent to culture, socialization, and educational ministrations. Therefore, the credibility and attention afforded them are vindicated indeed. The University of Sargodha is one such agent of change that has influenced the region of Sargodha in ways that are momentous, to say the least. Through this study, an exertion has been made to comprehend the extent of influence and impact that the university has imparted upon the locality designated as Sargodha and its proximate areas. The subjects from whom the requisite data for this study was gathered hail from those dimensions that are readily and profoundly influenced by the University of Sargodha’s presence or aura if you will.

A bullying and personality development Scale was developed, that can be used for adolescents and youth. The scale takes into consideration the Asian context of bullying in general and the context of the Thal University, Bhakkar. We also sought to design a reliable measure of bullying for use with an adult sample. Bullying is one of the most common forms of youth violence. Bullying is defined as a type of aggression, specifically behavior by an individual or group that is intended to hurt someone and that involves a dynamic interaction between the perpetrator and the victim. The present study has been conducted to analyze the relationship between bullying and personality development. For conducting this research data has been comprised of a different chapter. This chapter of the study comprises three sections of the study which gave the methodological milieu of the study. The first section of research comprises the rationale of research methodology including population and sampling of research, Instrument used for data collection, Procedure, and criterion for data collection. Data has been collected by the Thal University, Bhakkar. The logic behind conducting research at a university is that a university is a place where bullying is the most common habit. Bullying in faculty and the administrative center is likewise referred to as peer abuse. The major variables that were added in this study were demographic profile variables and variables related to bullying. These psychological themes are explicit variables related to the level of stress, depression, and anxiety among the bullied person. Bullying can occur in any context in which humans interact with every other. This consists of school, universities, college, church, own family, place of job, home, and neighborhoods. It is even a common factoring migration.

The Mughal Empire was indeed a reign to behold. The rulers and kings of this monumental empire played an irrefutable role in the exhortation of the region’s prosperity and developmental capacities. From the Pioneer Babar to the last Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar, the Mughal Empire has been a most fecund ground for the rearing of worthy and Awe inducing Emperors. However, there is a certain Ruler from amongst these impressive monarchs whose name tends to stand out and distinguish itself with a vivid and almost palpable prominence. This Mughal Emperor is said to have been the patron of the Golden Age of the Mughal Empire and made countless contributions to almost all segments and strata of society, culture, arts, and so forth. That Emperor is none other than the Great Mughal Emperor, Akbar. This paper is an endeavor at elucidating the various advancements that the Great Mughal Emperor made in regards to Social Development within his realm.

Human rights are the rights that protect freedom, security and dignity of mankind. Human rights are for all humans without the discrimination of area, race or language. However, lack of awareness deprives people of their universally accepted rights. It is due to lack of awareness people with low educational and economic backgrounds are facing human rights abuses worldly. This study has focused on exploring human rights awareness and level of practices in District Sargodha, Pakistan. A simple random sampling technique was used to carry out this research. After this research it is found out that awareness level and attitude towards practices is higher in male, elderly and urban area people and lower in youth, female and rural area residents. It is found out that HRE is the only way to aware people of their rights. This study has found out that women and youth are more in danger of human rights abuses so HRE can help in raising their awareness regarding rights and their practices. Key words: Human rights, Human rights awareness, District Sargodha Pakistan, Human rights education

The present study was design to examine the factor influencing the educational performance of the students of Sargodha University, Sargodha. The variables under deliberation were the academic performance as dependent variable and hostel life as independent variable. The data was collected from 100 students through questioner by using simple-random sampling technique. For analysis, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and liner regression model were used. The findings showed that gender, age, degree program and locality contribute the academic performance of the students. A direct model was also proposed that will be cooperative to increase the educational performance of the students. Hostel life's impact on students' academic achievement is a complicated topic that has been explored in a number of various ways. Hostel life can improve academic achievement by offering a controlled atmosphere, encouraging independence and self-discipline, and boosting social support, according to certain research. According to other research, hostel living can have a bad effect on academic performance because of things like isolation, homesickness, and a lack of parental supervision. Overall, it can be said that how living in a dorm affects academic achievement depends on personal qualities and the unique conditions of the dorm setting. Keywords: Hostel life, Academic Performance, personality, behavior, social environment.

This study was conducted among nomadic society of district Bhakkar. The purpose of this study was to examine the social, economic and cultural traits of nomadic societies, with a particular emphasis on elucidating the social, economic and cultural influences and how they affect the maternal health and sexual practices or reproductive behavior of nomadic groups. Researchers conducted interviews with 110 nomads who were chosen as a sample by the convenience sampling method. As a theoretical foundation, “The economic theory of Fertility” and "life history theory" and "Malthus theory of population" are utilized. The findings indicated that socioeconomic and cultural factors such illiteracy, income, occupation, son preference; early marriages, forced marriages, tribal rituals, and a lack of medical services have a significant impact on nomadic reproductive behavior. It has been determined that socioeconomic and sociocultural variables are to blame or responsible for Pakistani nomads' poor reproductive habits of reproductive behavior. Findings also showed that maternity services were out of reach for pregnant nomadic women due to poor health facilities, sociocultural restrictions, and demographic obstacles, which increased the number of reproductive difficulties among them. Keywords: Nomadic societies, Maternal Health, Social characteristics, economic characteristics, Cultural characteristics, Women, Reproductive behavior.

The determination of current study was to observe the Effect of modern agricultural technology on cultural values of rural area. The main goals of this research were To know about the perception of people regarding modern technology in rural areas to know about the impact of modern technology on the cultural values of people and how people perceive them to know about the changing values resulting from modern technology and it's impacts on the life of peoples to know about the role of new developed value through modern technology in rural areas to achieve these objectives, The current study was quantitate in nature. The research fixated on the district Bhakkar. The simple random sampling method was used to collect data from 150 students. A Questionnaire used to collect data from the respondent of the study. The descriptive and frequency analysis were used to analyze the data, also carried out the correlation analysis for checking the relation and regression analysis to check the effects of modern agricultural technology on the cultural values of the rural areas. Key Words: Agriculture technology, Cultural values, rural areas of district Bhakkar.

This research is conducted on the issue of political instability that is rapidly increasing in Pakistan. A government's structure is unstable owing to political instability, which increases the likelihood that it may fall quickly. This study highlights the drawbacks of political instability and discusses what factors of instability are and how they impact on public life. The researcher had selected 100 students as respondents in the research. However, the random sampling techniques were applied to obtain the data and make close-ended questionnaire to collect the demographic data or other information which are shared by the public side that were causing instability in a country. In this research, the researcher analyses the influence of political instability on the economic instability in Pakistan. Researchers have differentiated the influence of Political instability on Economic instability and know about the strong and positive relationship of instability in Sargodha Pakistan. It is concluded that perceptions about Political instability and its influence on economic growth are main factors of uncertainty in the country, although some actions exist in a country that make sudden political change or regime reversals. The researcher identify the key factor that’s keeping multiple issues which are leading the country towards instability.